Hoisting mechanism for elevators



(No Model.) 3 Sheet-S-Sheet'l 0'. E. ALBRO.

HOISTING MECHANISM FOR ELEVATORS.

No. 502,600. Patented Aug. 1, 1893;.

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HOISTING MECHANISM FOR. ELEVATORS. No. 502,000. Patented Aug. 1, 1.893.

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, 0. E. ALBRO. HOISTING MECHANISM FOR ELEVATORS.

No. 502,600. Patented Aug. 1, 1893.-

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES E. ALBRO, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

HOISTING MECHANISM FOR ELEVATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 502,600, dated August1, 1893.

Application filed January 28, 1893. Serial No. 460,005. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. ALBRO, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certainImprovements in Hoisting Mechanism for Elevators, of which thefollowingis a specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in mechanism for hoistingelevator cars, and has for its principal object the construction of asimple and effective automatic stopping and reversing device for thewinding drum when, during the lowering of the load, the bottom of theelevator car comes into contact with any object projecting over thehatchway from any of the floors of the building or at the bottom of theelevator well, as more fully set forth hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings :Figure 1, is a perspective view of ahoisting machine constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2, isa sectional view of a portion of the same on the line 12, Fig. 1. Fig.3, is a plan View of that portion of the mechanism illustrated in Fig.2. Fig. 4, is a sectional view on the line 3-4t, Fig. 3, but showing theparts in a different position from that illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6,are respectively sectional and plan views of a modification of theconstruction illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 7, is a detachedperspective view of details of such modification. Figs. 8 and 9, aresectional views on the line 56, Fig. 10, showing different positions ofthe belt shifting and brake cams. Fig. 10, is a transverse section onthe line 7-8, Fig. 9; and Fig. 11, is a similar sectionaLviewillustrating a modification.

The device is intended for the hoisting and lowering of that class ofelevators in which the hoisting rope is Wound upon a drum and theinvention relates more particularly to a device by means of which thelowering of the elevator car may be stopped or its direction of travelreversed, when from any cause the descending elevator car meets with anobstruction, such as an object projecting over one of the hatchwayopenings, and in this way prevent the unwinding of the cable andentangling it in the hoisting mechanism.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the winding drum on which iswound the cable a which runs up over suitable sheaves at the top of thebuilding and down the well to the elevator car; this winding drum iskeyed to 'a shaft B which terminates at b as shown in Fig. 2 and bydotted lines in Fig. 1, being supported at that end in a hub c formingpart of a radial arm 0 keyed to a driving shaft 0. The opposite end ofthe shaft 13 is supported in a suitable bearing (not shown) and thenecessary motion in opposite directions is imparted to it from thedriving arm 0 through the medium of a radial arm D which is keyed to theshaft B, the outer arm. D being curved as shown so as to project intothe path of, and engage with the projecting arm 0 on the driving shaft.These connections, 0 and D, between the shafts tend normally to compelthe said shafts to rotate together.

On the driving shaft 0 is mounted a worm wheel E with which engages asuitable worm inclosed in the framework of the machine and on the wormshaft E are three belt pulleys F, F and F, the central pulley F beingkeyed to the shaft and tho pulleys F, F beingloose and being driven inopposite directions by belts e, e from anysource of power; the beltsbeing arranged under the control of suitable automatic shiftingmechanism hereinafter described so that either one or the other maybeshifted to the fast pulley and the worm shaft be driven in eitherdirection to efiect the winding or unwinding of the cable, the belt 6effecting the winding movement, while the belt a turning in the oppositedirection revolves the drum and permits the unwinding of the cable andthe lowering of the elevator car. The worm wheel E, the worm shaft E andthe driving shaft 0' are supported in a suitable casing G which may beattached either to the ceiling or floor of a room adjacent to theelevator and mounted loosely on the shaft 0 on that side of the casingopposite the winding drum A is a drum H over which passes a chain orcord k which forms part of or is secured to the usual rope or rodextending up the elevator well and by operating which the windingmechanism may be started or stopped as desired.

Secured to gr forming part of the chain drum H is a gear wheel H on oneside of which are two cams one of which, I, governs the belt shiftingmechanism and the other of which 1, controls the braking mechanism.

The belt shifting device comprises the cam I, levers J. J., rods 1c. 7c.and the loops Z. l., a further description of which is given below. Inthe cam I are adapted to travel, antifriction rollers h h, mountedrespectively on levers J J, and one end of each lever is connected byguide blocks K, K to rods 10,70 which carry shifting loops Z, Zembracing respectively the belts e, 6 so that as the drum II is turnedin one direction or the other by manipulating the starting rope or rod,the cam, acting through the lever J or the lever J, causes the shiftingof the desired belt to the fast pulley F and the consequent movement ofthe worm E and the driving shaft 0 in the proper direction.

The cam I is made in three well defined parts, one, the portion '5 beingconcentric with the shaft, and the portions 1;, i being on linesextending toward the periphery of the gear wheel to which the cam isattached and being provided at their extreme ends with pockets i inwhich the rollers 72., 72. may be held; while to aid this holding actionthe two arms J, J are connected by a tension spring 713. The rollers 7t,h, normally rest at the junction of the portions 2", i with the portion't', as shown in Fig. 8, so that if the cam be moved in one direction orthe other, one of the levers will be moved to shift one of the belts,and the other will remain stationary by reason of the travel of theroller in the concentric portion 1' of the cam; thus forinstance in Fig.9, is shown a movement of the cam which results in the travel of theroller h and the lever J to move the belt 6 onto the fast pulley F andefiect the lowering of the elevator, while the roller It, being traveledin the portion '2; of the cam does not effect any movement of the leverJ. The pockets 2' at the end of the portions 2', i serve to retain therollers of the levers J, J in position against the action of the spring7L3 which normally tends to draw them toward each other. The rods 7t, itare guided in bearingsm secured to the' frame and are further guided bythe blocks K, K which serve to connect them to their respective leversJ,J; each block being secured to one of the rods and having a passage orguide for the reception of the other red and the connection between thelevers and the blocks being of such character as to permit thehorizontal movement of the block while the lever moves in the arc of acircle.

Referring now to the braking mechanism, N represents a brake wheelsecured to and rotating with the worm shaft E, and n, it two frictionstrips, preferably faced with leather and secured at one end to a'bolt71 carried by a bracket 01 projecting from the frame and at theiropposite ends to the smaller arms 0,0, of a three armed lever O, pivotedat 0 to a bracket 0 projecting from the frame and carrying at its freeend an adjustable Weight P, which when the mechanism is in the positionillustrated in Fig. 8, and out of action, tends to draw the sections ofthe friction band tightly against the brake wheel N, and the lever inthis position being free to act in this manner, or as shown in Fig. 11,a single band a may be employed, one of its ends being secured to thebracket 0 and the other secured to the shorter arm of alever 0. On astud p projecting from the frame G is pivoted alever P carrying at oneend an antifriction roller 19 and at its opposite end an adjustableweight 133, which normally tends to keep the roller p in any one of thethree pockets p of the cam I, so that when once moved to one of thepockets the roller will remain there until the cam is rotated by themovement of the starting rod or rope. The lever P. is connected byalinkp to a lever 0., the latter lever being provided with a pin g. adaptedto a slot g. in one end of the link so that the said link has a lostmotion and the lever O. is, therefore, not operated until the belt isentirely shifted. The slot in the link is sufficiently long to permitthe lever O to move gradually down as the leather faces of the frictionbands wear away and thus automatically provide for wear. In winding upthe cable the driving shaft 0 moves in the direction of the arrow .2,Fig. 3, and the arm 0 thereon coming into engagement with the arm Deffects a similar movement of the shaft B and the winding drum A mountedthereon. In descending or unwinding the drum the shaft 0 moves the arm 0in the opposite direction and the arm D on the drum shaft B is heldagainst the arm O and turns with said arm at the same speed, the weightof the elevator car being sufficient to hold the two arms in engagementwith each other. On the driving shaft 0 is mounted, so as to rotateloosely thereon, a gear wheel Q having on one of its faces a series ofratchet teeth Q, and the teeth of the wheel Q engage with the teeth of apinion Q mounted upon a shaft 0" supported in suitable bearings andcarrying at its opposite end a pinion Q engaging with the gear wheel Hwhich carries the shifting and brake cams I, I. On that face of the arm0 nearest the gear wheel Q is pivoted a pawl s, which is under thecontrol of a spring 3 tending to force it into engagement with theratchet teeth Q, but the action of the spring being normally preventedby a lug S on the arm D which, when the two arms D and O are in contact,extends under the projecting arm of the pawl and holds it in theposition more clearly illustrated in Fig. 3. The mechanism which I havejust described comprising the pawl 3., the spring s., ratchet QC,

gears Q. (3 II. and shaft '12, constitute the means whereby the beltshifting device is operated to shift the belt from the fast to the loosepulley when the driving shaft rotates independently of the drum shaft.

On the arm 0 is a projection T from which extends a tension spring U, toa projection. V

on the hub of the arm D; this spring tending, at all times, to draw thecontact faces of the arms D and O away from each other but the actionbeing prevented by the weight of the car which normally holds the twoarms in contact. If, however, during the descent of the elevator car,the elevator car should meet with an obstruction and its weight beremoved from the cable, the winding drum not being positively connectedto the driving mechanism will, for the time being, stop and the drivingmechanism still continuing to rotate, the arm 0 will be moved out ofcontact with the arm D, moving to the position shown in Fig. 4, andcontinuing its movement in the direction of the arrow at in said figure;the tension of the spring U in this event exerting sufficient force onthe arm D to keep the cable taut. The first effect of this movement isto remove the pawl s from engagement with the lug S permitting thesprings to act upon said pawl and cause its engagement with the ratchetteeth Q, and effecting the movement of the gear wheel Q, and by means ofthe gears Q Q and H effect the turning of the shift ing cam I, whichwill act upon the lever J to shift the driving belt to the loose pulleyF and thus stop the machine, or the movement of the cam may besufficient to shift the belt e to the pulley F and reverse the motion.

In Figs. 5, 6 and 7, I have illustrated a modified construction of thearms 0, D and their connections; the arms being in this instance in theform of disks 0, D, for the sake of strength and in this case the disksare provided with concentric slots 10, w, through which may be passedbolts as y, tending to keep the disks in proper relative position butnot preventing their independent rotative movement. Each disk has twoprojecting blocks Y adapted to work in contact with each other in thesame manner as the ends of the arms 0 and D and a tension spring U isprovided to keep the cable taut when the rotation of the Winding drum isstopped. The action of the parts is precisely the same as that set forthwith reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 4.

In the drawings the parts have been illustrated with reference to theconstruction of a right and left hand machine, the projection T on thearm 0 being duplicated on the opposite side of the arm for the point ofattachment of the spring U so that the position of this spring may bereversed and the projection V on the hub of the arm D is slotted andextends to the opposite side of the arm so that the spring can beattached to the opposite vend of the slot for a right and left handmachine. It will also be noted that the lugs S are duplicated and thepivot points of the pawl s are centrally located so that these parts maybe reversed if desired.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent- 1. The combination in awinding machine, of the windingdrum, a shaft carrying the same, a radial arm secured to said shaft, a

driving shaft and an arm on said driving shaft adapted to be broughtinto contact with the arm on the drum shaft, and a yielding connectionbetween the two arms normally tending to hold them apartsubstantially asspecified.

2. The combination of the winding drum, a shaft carrying the same, anarm, as D, thereon, a lug on said arm, a driving shaft, an arm, as O,thereon adapted to be brought into contact with the arm of the drumshaft, a pawl carried by said arm C, and normally held in inoperativeposition by the lug on the arm D, a belt shifting cam, driving mechanismcontrolled thereby, gearing connecting said cam to a ratchet wheel and aratchet wheel with which said pawl may be brought into contact,substantially as specified.

3. The combination of the drum shaft, the drum thereon, an arm, as' D,carried by said shaft, a lug thereon, a driving shaft, an arm, as C,thereon, a pawl pivoted to said arm 0 and normally held in inoperativeposition by the lug on the arm D, a spring acting on said pawl, a springconnecting the arms 0 and D, a ratchet wheel with which said pawl may bebrought into contact, a cam, devices connecting said cam with thestarting and stopping mechanism, and gearing connecting said cam to theratchet wheel, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of the winding drum, a shaft carrying the same, anarm D on said shaft, a driving shaft, an arm 0 secured thereto, a hub onsaid arm 0 supporting one end of the shaft of the winding drum, a gearwheel mounted loosely on the driving shaft, ratchet teeth formedthereon, a pawl pivoted to said arm 0, a spring acting on said pawl, alug on the arm D normally holding said pawl out of contact with theratchet teeth, a cam, mechanism connecting the same to the starting andstopping mechanism and gearing connecting said cam to the loose gearWheel, substantially as specified.

5. The combination with the winding mechanism, of the driving belts andpulleys, the shifting rods, a grooved cam adapted to effect thereciprocation of said rods, pivoted levers J J, connected to said rods,antifriction rollers carried by said levers, and adapted to the camgroove having pockets at the end thereof, and a tension springconnecting the two levers, substantially as specified.

6. In a winding mechanism, abelt shifting device, a brake mechanism, agear Wheel mounted upon the Winding shaft and having on one face thereofa cam groove for operating the belt shifting mechanism and also a camgroove, on the same face for operating the brake mechanism, incombination with levers having studs provided with antifriction rollers,adapted to run in said grooves, two of said levers operating said beltshifting device and the other one said brake mechanism, substantially asdescribed.

'7. The combination with winding mechanism, and the belt shifting deviceof the driving shaft, a brake wheel thereon, a friction band made in twosections, each of said sections having one end secured to a fixed point,and its opposite end secured to a weighted lever 0, a cam, a lever P,adapted to be acted upon by the cam, and a slotted link connecting saidlever P to the Weighted lever O, substantially as specified.

8. In a Winding machine, the combination of a drum shaft, a drivingshaft in line with said drum shaft, a fast and a loose pulley,connections between said fast pulley and said driving shaft, an arm onthe driving shaft, an arm on the drum shaft which normally bears againstsaid driving shaft arm so as to compel the two shafts to rotatetogether, and means whereby the belt shifting device is operated toshift the belt from the fast to the 20 loose pulley when the drivingshaft rotates independently of the drum shaft, substantially asdescribed.

9. In a Winding machine, the combination of a drum shaft, a drivingshaft in line with said drum shaft, an arm on the driving shaft, an armon the drum shaft which normally bears against said driving shaft arm soas to compel the two shafts to rotate together, and means whereby therotation of the driving shaft is stopped by the rotation of said shaftindependently of said drum shaft, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

CHARLES E. ALBRO.

Witnesses:

J NO. E. PARKER, JOSEPH H. KLEIN.

